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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2000;119:148-154
© 2000 Mosby, Inc.
CARDIOPULMONARY SUPPORT AND PHYSIOLOGY |
From the Bristol Heart Institutea and Department of Anaesthesia,b University of Bristol, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, United Kingdom.
This work was supported by the Sir Siegmund Warburg’s Voluntary Settlement Fund and the British Heart Foundation.
Address for reprints: Gianni D. Angelini, FRCS, Bristol Heart Institute, Bristol Royal Infirmary, Bristol, BS2 8HW, United Kingdom (E-mail: G.D.Angelini{at}bristol.ac.uk).
Objectives: Our purpose was to establish whether coronary revascularization on the beating heart without cardiopulmonary bypass is less harmful to the brain than conventional surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass as indicated by measures of cognitive function or by changes in serum concentrations of S-100 protein, a recognized biochemical marker of cerebral injury.
Methods: We conducted a prospective randomized trial in which the assessors of the outcome measures were blind to the treatment received. Sixty patients without known neurologic abnormality, undergoing coronary revascularization, were prospectively randomized to 1 of 2 groups: (1) cardiopulmonary bypass (32°C-34°C) and cardioplegic arrest (on pump) with intermittent antegrade warm blood cardioplegia or (2) surgery on the beating heart (off pump). Neuropsychologic performance was assessed before and 12 weeks after the operation. Serum S-100 protein concentration was measured at intervals up to 24 hours after the operation.
Results: The groups had similar preoperative characteristics. There were no deaths or major neurologic complications in either group, nor was there any difference between groups in the chosen index of neurologic deterioration. Serum S-100 protein concentrations were higher in the on-pump group at 30 minutes, but any such difference between groups had disappeared 4 hours later. The extent of the changes in S-100 protein was unrelated to the index of neuropsychologic deterioration.
Conclusions: The changes in S-100 protein concentration suggest that the brain and/or blood-brain barrier may be more adversely affected during coronary artery surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass than during surgery on the beating heart, but that this may not be reflected in detectable neuropsychologic deterioration at 12 weeks.
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