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J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2005;130:1319
© 2005 The American Association for Thoracic Surgery

Cardiopulmonary Support and Physiology

Attempted control of hyperglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass fails to improve neurologic or neurobehavioral outcomes in patients without diabetes mellitus undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting

^a Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
^b Department of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
^c Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC
^d Department of Neurology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC

Received for publication September 15, 2004; revisions received December 8, 2004; accepted for publication February 28, 2005.

^_* Address for reprints: John Butterworth, MD, Department of Anesthesiology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC 27157-1009 (Email: jfbivjbutter{at}yahoo.com).

OBJECTIVE: Hyperglycemia worsens outcomes in critical illness. This randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial tested whether insulin treatment of hyperglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass would reduce neurologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, and neurobehavioral outcomes after coronary artery bypass grafting.

METHODS: Three hundred eighty-one nondiabetic patients undergoing isolated coronary artery bypass grafting were given infusions of insulin or placebo when their blood glucose concentration exceeded 100 mg/dL during cardiopulmonary bypass. The primary outcome measure was the combined incidence of new neurologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, or neurobehavioral deficits or neurologic death observed at 4 to 8 days postoperatively. This same measure was assessed secondarily at 6 weeks and 6 months. Length of hospital stay was also compared as a secondary assessment.

RESULTS: The 2 groups were well matched at baseline. The insulin-treated group had significantly lower blood glucose concentrations during bypass. Sixty-six percent of subjects in the insulin-treated group and 67% of subjects in the control group demonstrated a new or worsening neurologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, or neurobehavioral deficit or neurologic death at the 4- to 8-day assessment. Outcomes were also similar in the 2 groups at 6 weeks (37% and 39% incidence, respectively) and 6 months (30% and 25%, respectively). Median lengths of stay were 7 and 6 days, respectively, in the treatment and control groups. None of these outcome differences was statistically significant.

CONCLUSION: Attempted control of hyperglycemia during cardiopulmonary bypass had no significant effect on the combined incidence of neurologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, or neurobehavioral deficits or neurologic death and failed to shorten the length of hospital stay. These results do not contradict those of other studies showing that aggressive control of hyperglycemia in the postoperative period will improve outcome.

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